Friction drive mechanism



R. SYKOBA.

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APPLICATION FILED AUG.12| |920.

l 1,401,505. y Patented me,l 27, 1921.

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RUDOLF mOn-L01' BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. 3

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Speoieation of Letters Patent.

Pateateti'iiec. ,27. 1921.

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' To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUDOLF Suona, a citizen of the United States, residing `at Boston, county of Suffolk, State of` Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful "Improvement in Friction D rive Mechanisms, of which the following is a 's ecification, reference beingli'ad therein to t e accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to a new and useful improvement in friction driving mechanism. It relates especially to a friction driving mechanism comprising two rotar disks,

one of said disks being a driving isk and the other a driven disk, andhaving com-` bined therewith a friction pulley which engages with both of said disks, whereby 'the rotary movement of the driving disk is communicated to the driven disk. AOne object of the invention 'is to provide automatic means whereby any variation in the load upon the driven disk causes the distance between the two disks to increase or diminish,

thereby increasing or diminishing the friction according to the increase ordiniinution of the load. Another object ofthe inven tion is to provide a friction pulley between thevtwo disks to transmit the friction `of 'the drivingdisk to the driven disk, and to provide means for adjusting the friction pulley toward and fromthe centers ofthe disks, so that as the distance is increased from the centerv of one disk, it is decreased from the center of the other disk, thereb varying the speed.l of the Vdriven disk wit relation to the speed of the driving disk.

The invention will be fully understood from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying draw-4 ings, and the novel features thereof will be pointed out and clearly defined in the-claims at the close of this s ecification.`

In the drawings," igure 1A is 'a plan view of mechanism embodyinglthe invention. c

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2-2 of Fi 1. j y

Fig. 3 is a detail View in elevation of one of the intermediate cam faced disks which spo forms part of the automatic mechanism for moving the driving disk Atoward the driven disk to control the variation in pressure acofthe gslotted link connectin the driving disk with the loose disk an intermediate ball carrier.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view on line 5, 5 of eferring now to the drawings, 1 represents a driving shaft 'ournaled in suitable bearings in frame mem rs 2--3, and driven by any suitable means, `as for instance,

throii hV a driving pulley 4 mountedup'on said s aft 1.

A driving friction disk 5 is provided with `a hubr 22. Said disk and hu'b rotates with said shaft 1, preferably being integral therewith. Said shaft is slidable. axiallyin its bearings carr in with it the drivin disk 5 and the hub2. g g

A driven shaft 7 is journaled in suitable bearings, being shownas journaled in the frame members 2-3 and is not slidable axi- I ally. Mounted fast on said driven friction disk 8. i I

The driving disk 5 has driving connection with the driven disk 8, preferably by means of a ball friction pulley 10mounted on shaft 11. Any other suitable driving connection between the two disks may, however, be ein loyed.

Intermediate the driving disk 5 and the side frame member 2 are the two disks 12 and 13 s aced somewhat apart from` each other. T e disk 12 is mounted on the'hub 22 of the friction disk 5, somewhat loosel with just a sufficiently tight t, so that if there is nothing to o pose its rotation, .it will rotate with 4the dii ciently loosely so that if there is opposition shaft `7 is the vto the rotation .of the disk 12, the disk 5 and shaft 1 may rotate independently of the disk 12. The disk 13 is stationary, the hub 22 passing loosely through said disk. The disk 13 may be made stations. by se curing it to the frame 2 or in any ot er suitable manner. Between the disks 12 and 13, there are preferably introduced anti-friction balls 14 which ,i are held in circular pockets or slots in a ball-carrying disk or cage 15 between said disks -12 and13.

The adjacent faces of the two disks 12 and 13 areflat and parallel with each other.

The opposite face of the disk 12 is' formed aft 1, but fits suffi-v with an annular cam surface which extends from the outer periphery radially inward for some distance, the cam face consisting.- of a succession of inclines 16 and declines 17 alternatin with each other, 'and the ad'acent l A ba surface o the driving disk 5 is forme with a series of inclines 18 and declines 19, the

` inclines on one disk being normally adjacent the declines of the other disk and comple- 'mentary thereto. Intermediate between the two disks 12-5 are a pluralit of balls 20 which are held in ckets in a all-carryin ge or disk 21.

he opposite faces of sai l-carryingi dik 21 are formed with in clines and eolines complementary to the adjacent faces of the disks 5 and 12.

A link 23 is'formed with an elongated slot 24 near one end with which there .loosely engages a ball 6 carried by a pin 25 which projects from the periphery of the disk 12, and is also provided near its other end with an elongated yslot 26 with .which there engages a ball6 carried by a pin 27 80 L 24 and 26 allow the driving disk 5 an axialf two opposite ends in the boxes 33 and 34,'

. pins.

which projects from the periphery of the disk 5. A pin 28 rejects from theperiphery of the intermediate ball carrier 21 and' 1s pivotally enga ed with said link 23 inits middle.- Said alls are a ertured to permit the pins to pass loosely t rough them, thus allowin a slight axial movement of the he balls form a universal joint for the pins with the slot. The elongated slots Y to the frame 3.

The 4shaft 11 on which'the ball friction pulley 10- is mounted, is journaled at its which are respectively mounted `0nthe fshafts 1 and 7, the boxes being loose on said shafts so that the shafts may turn without rotatin said boxes.

- 11 in such manner as to be axially slidable 'portion o' thereon. On the shaft 11 is loosely mounted avspool 35 on which the friction pulley is mounted seas to be rotatable thereon.

The spool 35 is provided with an annular peripheral groove which'is engaged by the arms 36-36 ofthe fork 37. The shank of said fork is mounted fast on a screw-thread- .ed shaft 38. The shaft 38 passes through asupport 39 inwhich it is journaled so as to slide longitudinally therein. A feed nut 42 is tapped to engage with the .threaded said sha and is provided with anqannular flange 40 which engages with The said friction' .pulley 10 1s loosely mounted on the shaft an annular groove formed bg' a flange 41 projecting j.from the su port 3 so that when the nut' is rotated the s aft 38 will be moved axially.` when dit feed ma is rotated, the shaft 38 acts as a feed for the fork 37, causin the fork to travel in one direction or the oter with said feed shaft, according to the direction of rotation of said feed nut. In-

asmuch as the arms of the fork straddle the t spool 35 whichis connected with the friction pulley 10 the movement of the fork will move the friction ballpulle axially on `the shaft 1I.' When it is move lin a dlrection to brin the-friction ulley nearer the periphery o the drivin isk 5, it will at the same time move t e friction (pulley nearer to the center of the driven isk 8, thus increasing the speed of rotation of the driven disk 8. This increases the s eed of shaft 7. When the friction pulle s ides in the reverse direction on the sha t 11 so as iml to bring it nearer to the center of the drivposition, there will be the least frictional engagement between the disk 5 and the friction pulley 10. Now when the driving shaft begins to rotate, the friction disk 5 will begin-torotate with it and with relation to the disk 12. Thisl will gradually cause the balls of the carrier 21 to come between those parts of the cam faces which, according to the direction of rotation of the shaft 1, are upwardly inclined, thereby causin an increase in pressure between the friction disks 5 and 8.` Disk 5 will rotate with shaft 1 independently of members 21 and 12 until the ressure is greater than the load.

I the load increases on the shaft 7 so that there is not suilcient friction transmitted by the driving disk 5 through the pulley 10 to the driven disk 8 to rotate the disk 8 against the load on the shaft 7, then the ball carrier 19 willrotate a little farther to bring the balls 20 farther up the incline until the driving disk 5 is ushed far enough outward axially to still Further tighten the fit between the `ball pulley 10 and the two disks 5 and 8, so that the disk 8 will be rotated and thus rotate the shaft 7.v Itwill thus be seen 'that there is an automatic adjustment of the drivin disk 5 and the intermediate friction pu ley l0 with relation to the driven disk 8 to accommodate variations in the load on the driven shaft 7.

Thus,.the increase of pressure between the lll of a rotary drivin shaft having s; vtion disk mounted t ereon and rotating Vsumption of energy.

in length and angle as the inclines, y'so that `avoiding unnecessary resistance in the con-t It is also ap arent from the revious -description 'of tiie `means for a 'nsti' the" position of the friction pulley w1th re ation to the centers of the two disks 5 and;I 8, that the `speed of the driving disk with relation to thedriven disk, or vice versa, may be adjusted as desired.

I have Ireferredto the cam faces on the ydisks as having inclines 16 and 18 and declines 17 and 19, assuming that the driving disk and shaft are turning over toward the left as viewed in Fig. 1. The so-called declines are preferably exactly corresponding if deslredthe machine lmay run in the reverse direction, and in that case, the faces 17 and 19 would become the inclines 'and the faces 16 andv18 would become the declines.

What `I claim is- 1. A variabledrivin mechanism consisting of a driving sha having a friction disk mounted thereon, a driven member having a friction disk adjacent said first friction disk, a friction pulley which is ada ted to enga e' with both of said friction disks, a disk oose on said driving shaft on the opposite As ide of said driving disk from said driven disk, said driving disk being formed with a series of cam surfaces,` said loose disk being also formed with a series of cam surfaces coperating with the cam surfaces on the driving disk, anti-friction balls between said cam faced disks, said driving disk and loose disk being ca able of rotation independentlyof each ot er and means controlled by the' load soas to cause the driving disk' and the loose disk to, rotate together as soon as the pressure surpasses the load.

2. A friction driving mechanism consisting of a rotary driving shaft'having a fric tion disk mounted thereon and rotating there- '4t with, a driven Shaft parallel with said driving shaft and havin a friction disk mounted thereon, a third s aft intermediate said two friction disks whose axis istat right angles to said driving shaft and driven shaft, a friction pulley mounted on said third shaft and `.engaging with both` of the said frictiondisks, the said pulley bein p to beimovable in an axial irection thereof so mounted as v to respond to varying pressures on its periphery, and means controlledby the increase in load on the driven shaft to cause A' the said drivirr-disk to increase the pressure ony said ction pulley and thereby cause the said friction pulley to increasel its pressure on the driven disk to balance the ressurebetween the driving disk and the riven'disk. y 3. A friction driving mechanism consistf a fricherewith, a driven shaft parallel with said drlving shaft and having a friction disk mounted thereon, a third `shaft intermediate said two friction disks at right an lesv to said driving shaft and driven sha t andl friction pulley and thereb cause the said intermediate friction pul ey f act with greater pressure on the said driven disk ,to balance the pressure between diskand the driven disk.`

4. A friction driving mechanism consisting of a driving shaft having a friction disk mounted thereon and rotating therewith, a driven shaft parallel with said drivin shaft and having a friction disk mounted t ereon in a plane arallel with said driving disk, a thirdsha t intermediate said two friction disks and parallel with the planes of said friction disks and supported at its oppo site ends in boxes through which` said drivthe driving.

ing shaft and driven shaft loosely pass, and

a friction pulley mounted on said third shaft which engages with both of said friction disks.

`5. A variable driving mechanism consisting of a driving shaft having affri'ction disk mounted thereon and rotating.therewith, a

'driven member having a friction disk adiacent said first friction disk, means whereby said driving. disk is adapted to have a frictional driving connection with said driven disk, a second disk loose on said driving shaft on the opposite side of said driving disk from said driven disk, said loose disk being spaced awa from the driving disk, said driving disk with a series of cam surfaces in annular arrangement on its face, said loosedisk being also formed with a series-of cam surfaces in annular arrangement coperating with the cam surfaces on the drivingdisk,

al plurality of anti-friction balls betweenbeing formed said cam faced disks, said loose disk being capable of a limited rotary movement inde- A `pendent of said driving disk to change the relative positions of the apices 'of the cam faces of the two disks to cause a wedging action of the balls and thereby force the driving disk axially toward said driven disk to control the frictional driving connection hetgeen the driving disk and the driven dis 6. A variable driving mechanism consisting of a driving shaft having a friction disk mounted thereon and rotating therewith, a

, driven member having a friction disk adjacent said first'frlction disk, means whereby said driving disk is adapted to have a frictional driving connection with said driven disk, a second disk loose on said driv ing shaft on the opposite side of said driving disk from said drivem disk, saidloose disk being spaced away from the driving disk'. saiddriving disk being formed with a serles of cam surfaces 1n annular arrangement'on itsface,' said loose disk being also formedwith a series of cam surfaces 1n annular arrangement co erating with the cam surfaces on the drivlng disk, a plurality of anti-friction balls between said cam faced disks, said loose disk being vcapable of a limited rotary movement with relation to said driving disk to change the relative positions of the apices of thecam surfaces of the two disks to causea wedging action of the balls and thereby force the driving disk l'axially toward said driven disk to control the frictional driving connection between the driving disk and the drivenI disk, a ball carrier disk in which balls are held between said driving disk and loose disk, said ballA carrier having on its opposite faces cam surfaces coperating with the cam vsurfaces of the adjacent disks and a slotted link having intermediate its ends a pivot connection with said ball carrier disk and also near its opposite ends pivot connections with said driving disk and'loose disk.

gley, a disk mounted loosely on the hub of said driving disk on the opposite side of said driving disk from the said friction pulley, said driving disk and loose disk being spaced apart from eachother, a ball carrier v -mounted loose onA the hub of said driving disk intermediate between the said driving disk andsaid loose disk and having antifriction balls which engage with both of said last two disks, said last two disks being each formed with a series of similar cam surfaces in annular' arrangement on their proximate faces, the intermediate ball car- -v rier having both faces formed with cam surfaces corresponding with the cam surfaces of the adjacent disks, the said loose disk and driving disk being capable of a limitedrotary movement with relation to said ballcarrier and thereby forcing the driving disk into greater frictional engagement with the friction pulley land thus increasing the frictional driving connection between the driving disk and the driven disk to meet an increase in the load on the driven shaft.

8. A variable friction driving mechanism consistin of a driving shaft having a hub with a friction disk mounted thereon and rotating therewith, .a driven shaft having'a friction disk mounted thereon adjacent sald first friction disk, a friction pulle which is adapted to engageI with both of said friction disks whereby the lrotation of the driving shaft rotates the driven shaft through the medium of'said friction disks and pu ley, a

disk mounted loose on the hub of said driv- Y'ries of similar cam surfaces in annular arrangement on their proximate faces, the in-l termediate ball carrier having both faces formed with cam surfaces corresponding with the cam surfaces of the adjacent disks,

the said loose disk and driving disk beinnr capable-0f a. limited rotary movement with relation to said ball carrier and thereby forcing the driving disk into greater frictional engagement with the friction pulley and thus increasing the frictional driving connection between the driving disk and the driven disk to meet an increase in the load on--the driven shaft, and a slotted link having intermediate its ends a pivot connection with said ball carrier and having at its ends a slottedpivot connection respectively with said driving disk and loose disk whereby the said driving disk and loose disk are permitted to rotate independently of each other.

9. Avvariable friction driving mechanism consisting of a driving shaft having a friction disk mounted firmly thereon, a driven shaft having a friction disk mounted firmly thereon adjacent said first friction disk, a friction pulley which is adapted to enga e with both of said friction disks whereby t e rotation of the driving shaft rotates the driven shaft through the medium of said friction pulley, the friction diskof the driv- ,ing shaft having on the surface opposite the.

friction pulley a series of inclines and declines radially arranged at regular intervals, a hub fixed firmly to the said friction disk of the driving shaft, a ball carrier mounted loosely on the hub of said friction disk on the same side of the friction disk as the inclined and declined surfaces, a second disk EL?,

ftting'loosely on the'hub of said friction disk, the said ball carrier being intermediate said two disks,'the surface of the sr id second disk adjacent the ballcarrier having inclined and declined surfaces corresponding its.;

with the surfacesof the said ball carrier, the

opposite side of said second disk having a tin loosely on the said hub of the friction dis adjacent the said second disk, a third disk fittlng loosely on the hub of the drivingdisk and adjacent the said second ball carrier, said last disk being firmly attached to y the frame of the machine.

10, A variable 'friction driving mechanism consistin of'a driving shaft having a hub with a frlction disk mounted thereon and r0- tating therewith, a driven shaft having a friction disk mounted thereon adjacent said first friction disk, a friction pulley which is adapted to engage with both of. said friction `disks whereby the rotation of the driving shaft rotates the driven shaft through the medium of said friction disks and pulley, a

Adisk mounted loose on the hub of said driving disk on the opposite side of said driving i s disk from the 'said friction pulley, said drivf,

aus

ing disk and loose-disk being spaced apart from each other, a ball carrier mounted loose on the hub of said driving disk intermediate between the said driving disk and said loose" disk and having anti-friction balls which engage with both of said last'two disks, said ilast two disks being each formed with a Series of similar cam faced surfaces in annular arrangement on their proximate faces, the intermediate ball carrier having both faces formed with the cam surfaces corresponding with the cam surfaces lof the adjacent disks, the said loose disk and driving disk bein ca able of a limited rotary movement wit re ation to saidball carrier and thereby forcing the driving disk into greater frictional `engagement with the friction pulley and thus increase the frictional driving connection between the driving disk andthe driven disk to meet' an increase in the load on the driven shaft, and a slotted link having intermediate its ends a pivot connection with said ball carrier and having at its ends a slotted pivot connection res ectivelywith said drivmg disk and loose dlsk, the said link having elongated slots near its opposite ends for the pivot connection of the driving disk and loose disk, said last two disks havin pins projectlng from the eri hery thereo antifriction balls through w ich said pins pass and which `engage with said elongated slots to form a universal pivot connection be`` tween the disks and the link.

11; A friction driving mechanism consisting of a driving shaft having a friction disk mounted thereon and rotatin "therewith, 'a

. driven shaft parallel with sai drivin shaft and having a friction disk mounted t ereon in a; plane parallel with said drivin disk, a thlrd sha intermediate said two` 'ctin disks and parallel with the planes of said friction disks and supported at its o posite 'ends in 'boxes through which said riving i and means connected with said slidable member whichengages. with said spool whereby the axial movement of the said slidable member moves said friction pulley to vary the radialdistance from the center of the friction disks at which thesaid friction pulleywiu engage Said dists.rv

12. A friction driving mechanism conssting of a driving shaft having a friction disk mounted thereon and Vrotating therewith, a

driven shaft parallel with said driving shaft and having a friction disk mounted thereon in a plane parallel with said driving disk, a third shaft intermediate saidtwo friction disks and arallel with the planes of said friction dis s and supported at its opposite ends in boxes through which said driving shaft and driven shaft loosely pass, a friction pulley mounted `on said ,third shaft which engages with both of said friction disks, said friction pulley being provided with a spool which is s lidably mounted on said third shaft, a slidable member which is slidable in a lineI parallel with the axis of said third shaft and which has a fork which engages with said spool whereby the axial movement of thesaid slidable member moves said friction pulley to vary the radial distance from-the center of the friction disks at which the said friction pulley will engage said disks, said slidable member havmg a screw-threadedportion and a feed nut engaging therewith, whereby said slidable member may be moved longltudinally.

13. In combination with a rotary shaft, a driving disk mounted thereon. and rotating therewith, a second disk loose on saidv drivformed with a series of caml surfaces in annular arrangement coperating with theV cam surfaces on the drivin disk, and a plurality of. anti-friction rol ers between said cam faced, disks, said loose disk being capable of a limited rota movement independenty of said driving disk to change the relative positions of the apices of the cam faces of the two disks to cause a wedging action onfthe rollers, and thereb force the driving disk axially 'away from t e loose disk.

A14. In'combination with a rota shaft, ,a driving disk mounted Athereonan rotating therew ansecond disk loose on said driv'- f faced disks, said loose disk being capable of 'a limited rota vmovement independent of said driving iskJ tov change the relative positions of the 'apices of the cam faces of` the two disks to cause a wedgingaction' onv the rollers, and thereby force the driving disk axially away from the loose disk, and a carrier in which the rollers are held between said driving disk and loose disk, said carrier having on its o posite faces cam surfaces which are para el,- with the adjacent cam surfaces of the said disks.

15. In combination with a rotary shaft, a

driving disk mounted thereon and rotating therewith, a second disk loose on said .driv-v ing shaft and spaced away from the driving disk, said driving disk being formed with a series of cam surfaces in annular arrangement on its face, said loose disk being also formed with a series of cam surfaces in annular arrangement coperating with thc cam surfaces on the driving disk, `a plurality of anti-friction rollers between said cam faced disks, said loose disk being capable of a limited yrotary movement independent of said, driving wdisk to change the relative ositions of the apices of the cam faces o, the two disks to cause a wedging action on the rollers, and thereby-force the driving disk axially away from the loose disk, and acarrier in/which the rollers are held between said driving disk and loose disk, said carrier having on its two opposite sidescam surfaces, the contours of the cam surfaces on the two sides of the carrier being parallel to each other and to the cam surfaces of the two disks.

16. In combination with a rotar shaft, a driving disk mounted thereon an rotating therewith, a second disk loose on said driving.

shaft and spaced away from the'driving disk, said driving disk being formed with a series of cam surfaces in annular arrangement on its face, said loose disk bein also formed with a series of cam surfaces 1n annular arrangement coperating with the cam surfaces on ythe driving disk, a plurality of antifriction rollers between said cam faced disks said loose disk bein Capable of a limited rotary movement in ependent of'said drivingdisk to change the' relative positions of the apices of the cam faces of thetwo disks V to cause a wedging action on the rollers, and

thereb force the driving disk axially away from t e loosefdisk, a roller carrier in which the rollers are heldl between said driving disk and loose disk, said roller carrier having on its opposite faces cam surfaces co rat` ing with the cam surfaces of the adjacenty ing two disks coaxial with each other and spaced sli htly apart from each other, the adjacent aces of said disksv being each formed with a series of cam surfaces in annular arrangement on its face, said two sets of cam surfaces being parallel to each other, and a plurality of anti-friction balls between said cam-facedv disks. A

18. An automatic load adjuster comprising two disks coaxial with each other and spaced slightly apart from each other, the

adjacent aces of said disks being each formed with a series of cam surfaces in annular arrangement on its face, said two sets of cam surfaces bein .parallel to each other, a pluralit of anti-friction balls between said cam-face disks, and a ball carrier in which the balls are held between said two disks, said carrier having on its opposite sides cam surfaces, the contours of the cam surfaces onthe two"' sides of the carrier being parallel to each other and to the cam surfaces of the tivo disks.

Y19. In combination with a rota drivi disk mounted thereon anxdy rotating therewith, a second disk loose on said shaft, each of said disks ,being formed with a series of .cam surfaces which are arranged in direct succession one after another and which alternatel pitch up and down with relation to the p ane of the disk at equal angles thereto, each upward pitch being followed directly by a downward pitch and each downward pitch being followed directly by an upward pitch without any intermedlate level space, the cam surfaces of one disk being parallel with and spaced apart from .the cam surfaces of the other disk a plurality of anti-friction shaft, a

rollers between tlie cam surfaces of the two. i

disks, and a carrier in which said rollers are held between said two disks, the cam sur.- faces which pitch in one direction and the rollers which are in contact therewith, being operative when the shaft rotates in one direcltion, and the cam surfaces which itch in the tation.

20. In combination with a rota shaft, a driving disk mounted thereon an rotating therewith, a second disk loose on said shaft, each of said disks being formed with a series of cam surfaces, the cam surfaces of one am surfaces, the contours of both sets of disk being parallel with and .spaced apart -cam surfaces on the carrier being parallel from the cam surfaces of the other disk, a to each other and to the cam surfaces of the 10 plurality of anti-friction rollers between the two disks.

5 cam surfaces of the two disks, and a carrier In testimony whereof I alx my signature.

Ain which said rollers are held between said two disks, said carrier having two sets of RUDOLF SYKORA. 

